Pain is felt when nerve impulses travel along nerve fibers reach the brain. Local anesthetics work by interrupting the passage of nerve impulses. They do this by binding or interrupting the sodium channels in nerve fibers. This effectively stops impulses passing the area.

Chemically there are two kinds of local anesthetic in general use: esters and amides. They differ in the type of chemical group attached to the rest of the molecule. This is important because the behavior of the anesthetic depends on this difference. Patients who are allergic to one group of local anesthetic may not be allergic to the other.

 

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